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A Monumental French 19th Century Patinated and Parcel Gilt Cast-Iron Bust of 'Head from a Statue of Antinous as Dionysus' Wearing a Wreath of Ivy - Roman Bacchus, God of the Wine, after the Greek models of the mid-4th century BC. Bust.' This monumental larger-than life bust, cast by the Parisian foundry 'J.J. DUCEL Me de FORGES, PARIS', is an exceptional example of artistic skills in copying antique forms and modernizing them by using cast-iron. Antinous was a handsome youth, a Greek from Bythinia. The favorite of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138). The Emperor Hadrian became obsessed with Antinous, a young man from Asia Minor, to the extent that the Emperor created a cult of Antinous when the young man died, in 130 CE. He was tragically drowned in the Nile during a drip to Egypt with the Emperor in 130 CE. According to one version, he died saving the Emperor's life. After the death of Antinous, Hadrian ordered that he be deified. His statues, as the gods Dionysius or Hermes, adorned Hadrian's villa at Tivoli just outside Rome. The original portrait, currently at The State Hermitage Museum, St.Petersburg, was found during excavations at Tivoli in 1769. Antinous is shown as Dionysius, god of wine and merrymaking, his luxuriant locks of hair crowned with a branch of Italian pine. The young man's face is classically handsome and his idealized features recall a Greek statue of the Classical period. At the same time there are still traces of individual features, such as the thick brows over the small, close-set eyes. The expression of sadness is typical of many statues of Antinous, who died so young. In European art, the image of Antinous became synonymous with ideal male beauty. Cast-Signed "J.J. DUCEL Me de FORGES, PARIS". Circa: Paris, 1880-1890.

Height: 29 inches (73.7 cm)
Width: 15 inches (38.1 cm)
Depth: 18 inches (45.7 cm)
Base: 12 1/4 inches by 15 inches (31.2 cm x 38.1 cm)

Ref.: A2655 - Lot 11439

J.J. DUCEL Me de FORGES, PARIS

A retailer of fine cast-iron ornaments, J. J. Ducel was recorded as supplying cast-iron works through Paris as early as 1810 in the Pas-de-Calais. The factory was sold in 1878 to the Fonderie de la Haute-Marne and all of the firm's models were subsequently bought by the Val d'Osne foundry. However, prior to the firm's sale, critics at the 1867 Paris Exposition Universelle proclaimed that "Ducel is the great manufacturer of works in cast-iron, to whom Paris is so largely indebted for the grace and elegance that supply so many of the adornments of its streets". Ducel, Val d'Osne and other associated foundries produced both bronze and cast-iron statuary. Cast-iron is corrosive, whereas non-ferrous bronze does not suffer the same detrimental effects of weathering and is therefore a superior and more expensive material.

Cast-iron had been in production during the 18th century but its inferior status to the more fashionable and delicate wrought-iron had generally confined its use to architectural work. By the early 19th century, however, rapid developments of the Industrial Revolution combined with the simultaneous burgeoning of a new middle class provided the impetus for a dramatic expansion in its application and in a short space of time a proliferation of iron foundries across Europe and America thrived on the production of everything from inkstands to railway stations. The use of cast-iron for garden ornament became particularly widespread at this time, as the possibilities for its mass-production at a fraction of the cost of bronze made it the material of choice for outdoor statuary, figural lighting, fountains and vases. Nowhere was the popularity and use of cast-iron ornament greater than in France, where by the second half of the 19th century two foundries in particular, which feature prominently in the following collection, had come to dominate production both for the home market and for export. The more important of these was the officially named Société Anonyme des Hauts-Fourneaux et Fonderies du Val-D'Osne, Anciennes maisons J. P. V. André et J. J. Ducel et Fils. Commonly known after 1870 as simply Val D'Osne, the company was originally founded in 1835 and developed rapidly, absorbing smaller foundries in the Haute-Marne area east of Paris. Smaller than Val D'Osne but nevertheless a major player in the manufacture of cast-iron was the firm of A. A. Durenne, established in 1847 at Sommevoire. Both Val D'Osne and Durenne were frequently awarded medals for their work at the many international exhibitions of the latter half of the 19th century. Each also published large catalogues illustrating and listing its entire inventory of models, from which casts of varying size and finish could be ordered.



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